Difference Between Structural and Non-Structural Steel Fabrication

In the world of metal manufacturing, not all steel fabrication is created equal. The difference between structural and non-structural steel fabrication lies in both function and complexity — and understanding this distinction is critical for builders, engineers, and shop owners alike. From insurance considerations to OSHA safety standards, recognizing these categories helps ensure every project is compliant, safe, and properly covered.

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What Is Structural Steel Fabrication?

Structural steel fabrication refers to the process of creating load-bearing components that form the framework of buildings, bridges, industrial plants, and large infrastructures. These elements — such as beams, columns, trusses, and girders — are designed to support significant weight and withstand environmental stresses.

Because of their essential role in safety and stability, these projects require detailed engineering, certified welding, and strict adherence to codes like AISC and AWS standards. Fabrication shops involved in this type of work typically need specialized equipment, skilled technicians, and comprehensive General Liability insurance to protect against property damage or design-related claims.

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What Is Non-Structural Steel Fabrication?

Non-structural steel fabrication, on the other hand, focuses on producing items that don’t bear heavy loads or contribute directly to a structure’s integrity. These components include handrails, staircases, gates, decorative panels, enclosures, and custom metal fixtures for commercial and residential use.

Although the safety standards remain high, non-structural fabrication typically involves lighter materials and greater design flexibility. Still, businesses performing this work should maintain proper Worker compensation and BOP insurance to safeguard employees and assets from accidents, equipment failures, and on-site injuries.

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Key Differences Between Structural and Non-Structural Fabrication

• Purpose: Structural fabrication supports buildings and infrastructure; non-structural focuses on design and functionality.
• Materials: Structural work uses heavy-grade steel; non-structural uses lighter metals or alloys.
• Engineering: Structural projects require certified calculations and inspections; non-structural may prioritize aesthetics and customization.
• Risk Exposure: Structural steel carries higher risk, impacting insurance premiums and policy requirements.
• Compliance: Structural fabrication must follow strict codes (AISC, AWS D1.1), while non-structural follows more flexible standards depending on application.

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Insurance Considerations for Each Type

Whether your business focuses on structural or non-structural work — or both — it’s essential to have tailored coverage that reflects your actual risk exposure. Structural projects, with their higher liability and equipment demands, often require more robust General Liability insurance and commercial property protection.

Non-structural shops, while typically facing lower structural risk, still benefit from BOP insurance to protect tools, materials, and client property, along with Worker compensation to cover employee injuries during fabrication or installation.

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Which Type Is Right for Your Business?

If you’re planning to expand or specialize your fabrication services, start by evaluating your equipment capabilities, technical certifications, and available insurance coverage. Structural fabrication requires higher investment but offers long-term contracts and industrial partnerships. Non-structural work, meanwhile, provides steady demand from architects, builders, and residential clients with creative custom needs.

At Metal Shop Insurance, we help both structural and non-structural fabricators secure coverage that fits their risk profile — from project-specific liability to comprehensive business protection. By aligning your insurance with your operations, you can focus on quality craftsmanship and business growth with complete peace of mind.

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Final Thoughts

Understanding the difference between structural and non-structural steel fabrication isn’t just about engineering — it’s about managing liability, compliance, and financial risk. Each type demands different skill sets, safety measures, and insurance coverage. Working with a specialized insurance provider ensures your shop remains protected, competitive, and compliant across every project.